CUET PG भूगोल सिलेबस 2027

इकाई 1 PART-A

• PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

इकाई 2 Section I: Geomorphology

Solar system and the Earth - Origin of the earth: important theories - Earth's interior - Geologicaltime scale Earth's Materials and minerals - Rocks classification and characteristics - Earth surfaceconfiguration - Order of landforms - Wegner's theory - Plate tectonics Endogenic processes: Folds, Fault, Dome and their resultant landforms - Earthquakes andVolcanic activities: causes, resultant landforms and world distribution Exogenic processes: Weathering, Mass wasting and resultant landforms - Formation of regolith and soil Geomorphic agents and processes: Fluvial, Glacial, Coastal, Arid and Karst landforms - Geomorphic hazards and their effects

इकाई 3 Section II: Climatology

• Elements of weather and climate

इकाई 4 Composition and Structure of the Atmosphere - Head budget

Atmospheric pressure: Vertical and horizontal distribution - Winds and their causes of circulation - Types of planetary, Periodic and local winds - Temperature: factors and distribution - Temperature inversion Atmosphere moisture: Humidity, evaporation and condensation - Hydrological cycle - Types, regional and seasonal distribution – Monsoon Air masses and Fronts- Atmospheric disturbances: Tropical and Temperate cyclones- Anti- cyclones - El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) - Recent climatic variability phenomenon Climatic classification - Basis of Koppen's and Thornthwaite's classification - Role of climate inHuman life

Atmospheric pollution and global warming: general causes and consequences

इकाई 5 Section III: Oceanography

Surface configuration of the ocean floor - Hypsographic curve: continental self, continental slope, abyssal plain, trenches and deeps - Relief of Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans Distribution of temperature and salinity of oceans and seas - Circulation of oceanic waters, waves and currents - Currents of Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans - Tides: causes, types and theories Marine deposits - Coral reefs: types and their formation - Costal environment - Ocean as store house.of resources for the future

इकाई 6 Section IV: Biogeography

Biosphere: Meaning and concept - Components of ecosystem and ecology-Biomes: World majorbiomes and their characteristics Functions: Trophic levels, energy flows, cycles (geo-chemical, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen), food chain, food web and ecological pyramid Human interaction and impacts - Environmental ethics - Environmental hazards and disasters (global warming, urban heat island, atmospheric pollution, water pollution, land degradation). Environmental policies - Environmental impact assessment

इकाई 7 Section V: Physical Geography of India

Land of diversities - Geological structure - Physical features and divisions- Drainage pattern - Soil types and distribution - Natural vegetation Climate: Seasons - Monsoon (origin, regional and seasonal variations) - Distribution of temperature and rainfall- Local winds Mineral and power resources: Major types and their potential, distribution and production Sources of non-conventional energy

इकाई 8 PART-B

• HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

इकाई 9 Section V Geographic Thought

Nature and scope of geography - A brief historical overview of geography as a discipline – Branches of geography: general characteristics and inter-relationships Contributions of Greek, Roman, Arab, Chinese and Indian Scholars - Contributors for the development of modern geography- Recent Trends in Geography Dualisms in geographic studies (physical vs. human, regional vs. systematic, qualitative vs quantitative, ideographic vs. nomothetic) – Paradigm shift - Perspectives in geography(positivism, behaviouralism, humanism, structuralism, feminism and postmodernism)

इकाई 10 Section VII: Population Geography

Division of mankind - Racial groups and culture: systems, characteristics and distribution - Human Adaptation to the environment - Adaptation in modern society - Globalization and culturalchange - Language, communication and belief Distribution and density of population: Factors, growth and distribution- Population composition Population theories - Health and wellbeing Migration: Internal and international - Settlements: rural and urban - Urbanization process - Patterns and world distribution – Population policies Electoral geography – Frontiers and Boundaries- Geopolitics and world order – Geopolitical conflicts

इकाई 11 Section VIII: Geography of Resources

Nature and components of resources - Resources and environment interface - Classification of resources renewable and non-renewable, biotic and abiotic resources Water, forests and soil resources: Types, distribution, economic and environmental significance - problems of deforestation, soil erosion and water pollution Exploitation of natural resources - Impact of Human activities: deforestation, mining, agriculture and industrialization on environment- Population pressure and resources utilization - Population explosion and food security Environmental hazards: pollution and its related problems -Emerging environmental problems Global warming - Environmental conservation, preservation,and sustainable resource use

इकाई 12 Section IX: Economic Geography

Sectors of economic activity: Primary, Secondary and Tertiary - Favourable geographicalconditions for different economic activities Agriculture: Primary crops (wheat, rice and maize), commercial crops (cotton, sugarcane, tea, coffee, rubber) distribution and production - Livestock and Fisheries-Important fishing grounds Mining economy: Factors governing the exploitation of minerals - World reserves and productionof Iron ore,

Manganese, Bauxite and Copper

Fuel and power resources of the world - Distribution and production of coal, petroleum, hydroelectric power, atomic energy and non-conventional sources of energy Manufacturing industries: Factors affecting location - growth and distribution of majorindustries - World production and distribution Nature and trends in the International trade - World trade of wheat, cotton, tea, coffee, petroleum, gold, silver, gems and jewelry Transport: Relative significance of different means of transport - Factors affecting land, water and air transport - World oceanic routes - Important inland waterways and important canals - Impact of globalization on world economy

इकाई 13 Section X: Human Geography of India

• Cultural landscape: Population growth, distribution and density - Population composition - Settlements and

इकाई 14 Urbanization

Agriculture: Major crops, impact of green revolution, Regionalization of Indian agriculture Industrial development - Location and distribution of iron and steel, cement, cotton textile and sugar industry - Industrial Regions and their characteristics - Industrial Policies in India Transport Networks (railways, roadways, waterways, airways and pipelines) - International Internal and External Trade (trend, composition and directions) Regional development planning in India - Globalisation and its impact on Indian Economy- Changing nature of Indian economy - Socio-economic development - Impact of development on environment and natural resources

इकाई 15 PART-C

• GEOGRAPHICAL TECHNIQUES

इकाई 16 Section XI: Cartography

Elements of Map Science - Concepts of scale and map - Types of maps and scales - Construction of graphic/linear scales - Enlargement and reduction of maps: methods and procedures - Map compilation and generalization General principles and classification of projections: construction, properties, limitations and uses of Zenithal, Conical and Cylindrical projections Methods of showing relief- (hachure, shading, and contours) - Contour interpolation - Profiles drawing of profiles and their relevance in landforms mapping and analysis - Identification of different rocks-SOI Toposheets - Interpretation of physical and cultural topographic sheets Methods and instruments for collection of weather data - Construction of climograph and hythergraph, isotherm, isobars and isohyets - Preparation of weather maps-Symbols used in weather maps - Interpretation of Indian daily weather maps Mapping techniques of population, social, economic and cultural data - dot, isopleth, andchoropleth methods

इकाई 17 Section XII: Surveying Techniques

Basic principles of surveying - Types of surveying - Surveying instruments - Basic principles offield work

Techniques in physical and socio-economic field surveys- Data collection methods Chain and tape survey - Prismatic compass survey - Plane Table survey- Levelling techniques -Electronic surveying instruments (Theodolite and electronic devices)

इकाई 18 Section XIII: Statistical Techniques

Statistical Methods: Frequency distribution and histograms - Measures of central tendency anddispersion

Diagrammatic representation of geographical and statistical data Sampling Techniques - Tests of significance - Probability distributions: normal, binominal andPoisson parametric and non-parametric tests-Correlation and regression

इकाई 19 Section XIV: Remote Sensing and GIS

• Remote sensing principles - Types of remote sensing - Aerial photography-Satellite images Application of Remote Sensing Techniques Components and function of GIS - Spatial and non-spatial data - Vector and raster format - GISanalysis
• Application of GIS
• Basic principles of Global Navigation Satellite System- Segments and applications